Early to mid-May is a standard planting date throughout most of Kansas, but planting can be done later as well, allowing about 100 days until the expected first frost date. Melons can be transplanted, but this is a challenge in windy conditions due to the very fragile stems. Melon vines spread 6 to 8 feet wide, so row spacings of 6 feet are necessary, with individual plants spaced every 18 inches to 2 feet in the row. Types with compact vines may be able to grow in a 2-by-2- or 3-by-3- foot space. Many melons can be successfully grown on a trellis, with one to two plants per trellis.
- Sunlight: Melons need full sun in order to be productive. Choose a location that gets six or more hours of light per day.
- Temperature: Melons are injured by light freezes; all danger of frost should be past before planting seeds or setting plants. Consistent soil temperatures of at least 60°F are necessary to encourage good germination, and warmer soil temperatures will speed up germination.
- Watering: Water melons deeply and infrequently, 1-2 inches per week. Use drip irrigation to avoid getting water on the leaves. This reduces the likelihood of leaf diseases.
- Soil and Fertilization: Melons prefer organic, rich, well drained, sandy soils for best growth. Most soils will grow melons provided they are well-drained. After the vines develop runners, side dress each plant with 3-4 tablespoons of a nitrogen fertilizer (21-0-0), sprinkled around the plant, then water in the fertilizer.
- Pests and Diseases: Aphids and cucumber beetles are the most common insect issues impacting melons. Aphids will feed on the sap of the plant and can cause the leaves to become distorted and curled. Cucumber beetles are a common vector for mosaic viruses. Powdery mildew is a common issue on some varieties. Watch the spacing of the plants to allow adequate airflow and sunlight to reach the plants. Try to keep the water off of the leaves when possible and plant resistant varieties.